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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] In March, it’s coming, it’s a flower. Nowadays, the rapeseed flower viewing season is good in many places in China. The local competitions are held to attract rapeseed festivals, attracting endless tourists. However, behind the "canola flower fever", the industrial chain and value chain of rapeseed have not been opened up, facing multiple crises. "China's rapeseed planting area is in the world, it is a big country of rapeseed, but it is not a rapeseed country." On March 2, Professor of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Professor of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, who has been engaged in research on rapeseed for more than 50 years, was interviewed by reporters. I agree with this point of view.
China is a big country of rapeseed, but it is not a rapeseed country.
The rapeseed industry is not so "pleasing to the eye"
As a fuel crop with a large area planted in China, rapeseed has been “sweeping†in the WeChat circle of friends in recent years. However, the development status of rapeseed in China is not as "glamorous" as golden yellow rape.
The fertile land in the Dongting Lake area in northern Hunan is a traditional rapeseed planting base. In a local interview, the reporter saw that the area of ​​rapeseed flowers grown by farmers has shrunk, and the golden rapeseed fields seem to be scattered. Some farmers said that their original 10 acres of land will be planted with rapeseed, and now only 2, 3 acres for their own oil.
Hou Zuping, deputy director of the Agricultural Bureau of Ganxian County, said that in recent years, the rape planting area in the county has declined, mainly because of low returns. Each acre of rapeseed generally harvests about 270 kilograms of rapeseed, the price per kilogram is 2 yuan, and the direct materialization cost is close to 200 yuan, which does not include the labor and land rent costs, which is basically no benefit.
According to industry analysts, starting in 2015, the state canceled the temporary storage and storage policy of rapeseed, and rapeseed production entered the “post-marketing eraâ€. In addition, the impact of importing low-priced rapeseed for a long time led farmers to replant other crops and processing enterprises. It tends to purchase imported raw materials, and domestic rapeseed suffers from “cold winterâ€.
How can the rapeseed festival not only "make a drink"
During the season of blooming rapeseed, all over the world, the rape blossom festival was held, attracting many “tourists†who went to the countryside from the city. In some places, the “10,000-acre flower sea†has been built to be spectacular.
Popularity is enough, and the rape blossoms are not obvious for the local economy. The reporter saw at some rapeseed festivals that tourists are basically self-driving, spending an hour or two walking around the sea of ​​flowers and taking pictures. Visitors do not need to buy tickets, generally do not eat locally, buy more local products, local villagers earn "zero pocket money."
In fact, the rapeseed festival and the rapeseed flower world are mainly driven by the government. For example, local governments provide free seeding and free planting for farmers who grow rapeseed. A person in the rape industry said that many rapeseeds only have "sightseeing value", and rapeseed will not be harvested when it matures. It is purely "making a lot of money."
This year's Chengtou Mountain Tourism Scenic Spot has planted 200 acres of rapeseed this year, including white, pink and other colorful canola, combined into different patterns. The staff of the scenic spot told the reporter that in order to avoid the attractions being too single, their model is “Rapeseed + Jingtoushan National Archaeological Park†to improve the quality and added value of tourism. Next, they plan to build hotels, style towns, and expansion centers so that visitors can stay.
Xin Jilin, chairman of the Shengtai Rice Cooperative in Jixian County, realized that the benefits of planting or sightseeing alone would not be too high, and the first, second and third industries must be integrated. He introduced that they planted 4,000 mu of rapeseed, plan to build a processing plant in the production base, build a vegetable oil brand, and at the same time build a rapeseed flower festival. When tourists come to enjoy flowers, they sell vegetable oil and honey, so that the comprehensive income per mu can reach 200 yuan. .
Why is research and development in the "pressure box"
“When the colorful rape blossoms open, I must go home and see...†At the end of February, the news of planting colorful rapeseed flowers in the Chengtou Mountain tourist scenic spot in Jixian County, Hunan Province spread, and it aroused the curiosity of many people outside. The reporter learned from the local area that this breakthrough rapeseed is a sea of ​​common sense of gold, and is developed, planted and promoted by an agricultural company in Sichuan.
In order to enhance the ornamental nature of rapeseed, many years ago, the Hunan Agricultural University Oil Research Institute also carried out research and development of colored rapeseed. In the two rapeseed plots of the Agricultural University, the reporter saw white, light yellow and other colors of rape. In order to maintain the purity of the variety, they enjoy "special treatment", and a scaffolding covered with wire mesh is built outside.
Unfortunately, the research results of the Oilseeds Institute have not been applied on a large scale. According to the reporter, one of the important reasons is the concern about the lack of effective protection of intellectual property rights.
The solar terms of the early rice planting, the rapeseed has not yet matured, which is the direct reason for many farmers to abandon rapeseed cultivation. The "early-cooked rapeseed" such as "Xiangyou 420", which was led by the research and development team of Academician Guan Chunyun, can shorten the growth period of rapeseed for 20 days and effectively resolve this contradiction. The use of one acre of winter leisure land is expected to increase by 750 yuan per mu according to the normal per mu.
However, such a good variety does not play a role in the rape industry. Since the rapeseed variety has been withdrawn from the scope of the nationally approved variety, it has been changed to the registration and filing system. In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “Regulations on the Registration and Management of Non-Major Crop Varieties (Consultation Draft)â€, and publicly solicited opinions from the public.
Academician Guan Chunyun told reporters that according to the law, the registration management method has not been officially promulgated, so the "premature rapeseed" varieties are not allowed to be planted on a large scale. He hopes that the relevant policies will be launched early, so that the optimized varieties will no longer be "snow".