As the global population continues to rise, the speed of urbanization accelerates, and the lack of available physical space, different forms of road traffic are facing increasingly severe tests; the frequency of travel and distance of residents, safety, reliability, and Flexibility has placed new demands on the transportation management department. In this context, the emergence of intelligent transportation not only ensures that users can fully access information, and calls the existing transportation network safely and flexibly, but also helps to reduce road congestion and reduce the impact of the environment on transportation. According to Che Yunyu, the global market valuation of intelligent transportation equipment in 2014 was 47 billion euros. By 2019, this figure is expected to reach 100.6 billion euros, a compound annual growth rate of about 16.4%. How to Choose the Right TIG Torch Welding Consumable Print Article Tig Torch Head,Flexible Tig Torch Head,Tig Welding Torch Head,Welding Handle Tig Torch Changzhou Edaweld Trading Company Limited , https://www.edaweld.com
Natalie Schaubel, an analyst at Frost & Sullivan Consulting, wrote an analysis of the value and future development of intelligent transportation, the opportunities and challenges faced by traditional car companies, and the following is compiled:
Intelligent travel relies on the establishment of the entire intelligent transportation system platform. Compared with the traditional travel mode, it has three advantages: reducing the frequency of accidents and reducing the accidental injury rate; 2 protecting the environment; 3 improving the efficiency of commuting. The establishment of the future travel ecosystem will follow the operation mode of the smartphone business model, and further build an enhanced user interface, and establish a user-oriented service mechanism, which will make consumers cherish the means of transportation.
According to statistics, the current mode of travel such as car sharing and fast transportation can reduce the time expenditure of about 25% for major cities, and the cost incurred will also be reduced by about 5.4 billion euros.
From the perspective of the government and local regulatory authorities, the advantage of intelligent transportation is that it can not only effectively move people and things, but also save a lot of money in transportation infrastructure construction, operation and maintenance.
At present, many government agencies have a positive attitude towards intelligent transportation, which is regarded as a kind of policy and management tool. This can be seen from the different projects related to intelligent transportation construction implemented by the Spanish company GMV in Europe. Since smart transportation encourages new travel concepts such as car sharing, traditional vehicles will no longer be exclusive to individuals, so the cost of using the entire system will be effectively reduced. In addition, the integration of public transportation and mobile payment solutions increases the convenience of consumer use on the one hand, and on the other hand, cardless transactions will increasingly replace traditional payment methods.
Of course, the challenge is not without. Since the entire intelligent transportation is based on real-time updated data, the application of different functions and the travel tool system can only function normally with the correct and timely data support. Therefore, the local government and other regulatory authorities must use this to expand their technical reserves and set up a professional data and service delivery team to ensure that relevant stakeholders such as third-party companies can obtain these data in a timely and efficient manner.
There are several highly innovative companies in the field of intelligent transportation, and the products and solutions they provide have a positive impact on future urban residents' travel.
Among them, the most prominent one is the GMV. The Spanish company's business is mainly focused on consulting, engineering and software development. With the latest integrated system solutions, it has gradually occupied the dominant position in the intelligent transportation market. GMV provides intelligent transportation applications, including mobile communications, GIS geographic information systems, GPS global positioning systems, sensor hybrids and electronic toll collection systems. GMV has also developed a GPS-based fleet tracking management system.
At the end of 2014, ALD Automotive, a fleet management and vehicle rental company affiliated to the Societe Generale Group of France, entered into a cooperation agreement with GMV to build a car sharing system for the company. In addition, GMV is also a car networking provider for the automotive industry. The e-Call and GNSS-based road toll system used in Europe is developed by GMV.
Mika Rytk?nen, Director of Industrial Relations at HERE, previously mentioned that "the transportation industry may be the only industrial sector that has not yet had a significant impact on the Internet and mobile communication technologies."
But in fact, considering the conservative degree of the traditional automobile industry, you will not be surprised that the director will say so. However, with the increasing "intrusion" of connected cars and driverless cars, and the emergence of electric car companies like Tesla, some changes in the global automotive industry are obvious. But there is no doubt that the speed of this change is still very slow, because the seven-year life cycle of the traditional car can not be broken in a short time. It is worth mentioning that with the continuous increase of the number of connected cars and real-time traffic data, intelligent traffic can effectively improve daily city commuting while ensuring driver safety and information flow.
So far, intelligent transportation has achieved remarkable results in the field of short-distance communication.
However, the original Nokia map provider HERE seems to be "counter-doing" with the mainstream, it is testing a system that can leverage existing commercial mobile communication networks.
The system, in short, is primarily intended to connect road traffic to cloud servers and traffic management centers via standard mobile networks. At present, HERE has established cooperative relations with many transportation regulatory agencies in Finland, and in the beginning of October this year, it displayed a newly developed traffic information system. The system is the world's first collaborative intelligent transportation system based on 4G LTE mobile communication network technology. Although the entire test results of the system were not open to the public, after Daimler, BMW, and Audi took HERE to the knee, at least this time, the automobile industry was at the forefront of intelligent transportation construction.
Car cloud summary:
At present, the regulatory authorities of various governments still maintain a relatively cautious attitude toward the question of whether or not to create a favorable development space for intelligent transportation. In addition to investment, the government needs to establish a viable framework agreement, plan for an implementable development path, and invest in building standards. Of course, road operators, traffic management service providers, and traffic data collection departments need to work together to provide resources that can be used by all parties involved, including not only traffic data streams, but also “real-time user location information†and “traffic carrying capacityâ€. "It is also essential for the intelligent transportation system to work properly."
Consumables comprise only a small portion of the total cost of TIG welding, but they are an important factor in creating quality welds. When TIG welding, you want to choose torch consumables that offer both consistency and durability. Doing so improves performance and also increases cost-savings and productivity by reducing downtime associated with rework. To help you make an informed decision about TIG torch consumables, this article focuses on how to choose backcaps, collets and collet bodies, gas lenses and nozzles.
Part II: Consumables for Gtaw
Consumables comprise only a small portion of the total cost of TIG welding, but they are an important factor in creating quality welds. When TIG welding, you want to choose torch consumables that offer both consistency and durability. Doing so improves performance and also increases cost-savings and productivity by reducing downtime associated with rework.
To help you make an informed decision about TIG torch consumables, this article focuses on how to choose backcaps, collets and collet bodies, gas lenses and nozzles.
Back Caps
Back caps apply pressure to the back end of the collet to force it against the collet body. This pressure holds the tungsten in place and seals the torch head from the atmosphere. Back caps simply twist into the back of the torch to help create a [vise" that prevents the tungsten from slipping.
Back caps are made of a phenolic compound, each of which vary in temperature resistance. You need to match the type of back cap to your application. For example, using a back cap comprised of a low temperature phenolic compound works for general applications. On demanding or high duty cycle applications, however, low temperature back caps can shrink, crack or split. You need to choose a back cap with a high thermal resistance for these applications, so as to avoid weld discontinuities that can result from shielding gas leaks.
There are three types of back caps: short (or button), medium and long, all of which compare in performance, but differ according to application. All types are available for both air- and water-cooled torches.
A short or button back cap is the smallest type. Its physical size allows for welding in restricted areas, but it requires non-standard tungsten that is two inches or less in length. You may have to fabricate this size tungsten from a longer piece, as shorter tungsten is more difficult to find and more costly.
If joint access is not a factor, use a medium or long back cap. A medium back cap generally accommodates tungsten up to three inches long. Long back caps use the industry standard tungsten of up to seven inches in length. They are also the most commonly used and often most preferred by welding operators.
Collets and Collet Bodies
Collets directly hold the tungsten in place when you tighten the back cap and create the electrical contact necessary for good current transfer. They are generally made of standard grade copper or tellurium copper.
Collet bodies screw into the TIG torch and accommodate various size tungsten and their respective collets, each of which range in size from .020 to 1/4 inches. They are also made of standard grade copper or tellurium copper.
When choosing collets and collet bodies, you need to consider two main factors.
First is price. Standard grade copper collets and collet bodies are less expensive, but they also tend to be less durable. Less expensive collet and collet bodies are also prone to failure under high temperature applications. After extended use, they do not secure the tungsten as reliably.
Conversely, the more expensive tellurium copper collets and collet bodies have better heat resistance on higher amperage applications. These consumables generally resist twisting or elongating and hold the tungsten more securely after extended periods of use. They also have more tensile strength and less ductility.
You also need to decide between a single- or two-piece system (See figure 1). Typically, manufacturers sell collets and collet bodies separately to match a specific tungsten size. For example, you would purchase a 1/16-inch Collet And Collet Body to match a 1/16-inch tungsten. This system works well and accommodates a wide range of tungsten sizes, especially smaller ones.
Fig. 1 Choosing between a standard two-piece system (top) or a single-piece system (bottom) is one of the factors in determining which collets and collet bodies are best for you.
There are also single piece systems that combine the collet and collet body together. From a performance standpoint, they provide better securing force and are easier to remove when used in a demanding application. The reason for this factor is because the collet mechanism is further away from the heat and less susceptible to heat distortion. They also reduce the possibility of mismatching collet and collet body sizes, allow for quicker tungsten changeover and help simplify parts management.
Gas Lenses
Gas lenses replace the collet body to increase shielding gas coverage and reduce turbulence. They also reduce weld discontinuities associated with atmospheric contaminants and are generally made of a copper/brass combination with stainless steel mesh screens.
The least expensive gas lenses typically have fewer screens and coarser mesh configurations, which tend to be less durable and can negatively affect gas flow. The higher quality gas lenses often require several layers of screens (See Figure 2). However, the most durable and the more expensive gas lenses incorporate an engineered porous filter media in lieu of multiple screen layers (See figure 3). This type of filter media provides the best performance by improving the laminar flow compared to conventional designs.
Gas lenses are available for both air- and water-cooled torches.
Fig. 2 Many standard gas lenses have several screens and spacers.
Fig. 3 Many of the more expensive gas lenses have more mesh configurations or have a porous filter media in lieu of multiple screen layers.
Application and/or performance expectation dictate gas lens choice. When welding material that tends to react to atmospheric contaminants, larger gas lenses provide improved gas coverage. On complex joints, larger gas lenses also allow greater tungsten stick-out to gain visibility of the weld puddle or to increase the access to the joint. As an example, you could use a standard or a large gas lens on a 17 series air-cooled torch or on an 18 series water-cooled torch.
For 9 series air-cooled torch or a 20 series water-cooled torches, a standard or large gas lens (commonly called a stubby) provides good gas coverage. This smaller torch profile increases operator comfort by reducing the overall torch weight and allows access on tighter joints.
Nozzles
Nozzles (also called cups) provide a given amount of shielding gas coverage to the weld pool, according to their size (anywhere from 1/4- to 3/4-inch ID). For example, a smaller nozzle provides less gas coverage than a larger one. Nozzles also vary in length (short to extra, extra long), price and performance.
The most cost effective are 90 or 95 percent alumina oxide nozzles, which work adequately for lower amperage applications. These nozzles, however, do not resist thermal shock on higher amperage applications very well and tend to deteriorate or crack and fall off.
Lava nozzles cost more than alumina oxide nozzles and are more resistant to cracking. These nozzles work well on medium amperage applications, but tend to have varying wall thicknesses around the inside diameter-a factor that may lead to unequal gas coverage. This varying wall thickness is the result of the machining of the nozzle.
Silicon nitrate nozzles are the most expensive nozzles and also the highest performing. These nozzles resist heat and cracking on higher amperage, higher duty cycle applications and last longer than either lava or alumina oxide nozzles. For precision TIG welding, silicon nitrate offer the consistency and durability needed to achieve quality welds and avoid rework. In fact, the higher initial purchase price for silicon nitrate nozzles may be worthwhile to help avoid the ongoing cost of replacing inexpensive, lesser quality nozzles.
Conclusion
The bottom line when choosing TIG consumables is to look for items that provide you with the durability and performance you need. A wide variety of options exist for back caps, collets and collet bodies, gas lenses and nozzles, all of which offer distinct advantages, disadvantages and cost considerations. For less critical applications, the less expensive TIG consumables provide adequate performance. However, if you need high performance, it is well worth your while to purchase more expensive, long-lasting consumables. Doing so minimizes the chance of consumable failures that could ultimately increase the cost for rework associated with weld discontinuities.