Xi'an instrument and meter manufacturing industry grasps national policy for development

Equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry that provides technology and equipment for various industries in the national economy. It has high industrial correlation, strong ability to absorb employment, and intensive technology funds. It is an important guarantee for industrial upgrading and technological progress in various industries and a concentrated expression of national comprehensive strength. The scientific development of the equipment manufacturing industry plays a significant role in reducing the overall industrial energy consumption, improving regional economic benefits, realizing the transformation of development methods, and promoting the industrialization process. With the introduction of the national and Shaanxi equipment manufacturing industry restructuring and revitalization planning policies, the rapid expansion of market demand and the international transfer of equipment manufacturing industry, Xi'an equipment manufacturing industry is welcoming rare strategic opportunities for development. In recent years, Xi'an's equipment manufacturing industry has maintained rapid growth in production and profits, and production and sales have been in good conditions, and its competitive advantage has gradually emerged, which has become an important force for promoting economic growth in the city.

I. Status Quo of Equipment Manufacturing Industry Development in Xi'an

In 2009, there were 527 large-scale equipment manufacturing enterprises in Xi’an, 214 more than in 2000, accounting for 46.6% of the total number of industrial enterprises above designated size; assets totaled 180.154 billion yuan, 3.1 times more than in 2000, accounting for more than the city’s scale. The total proportion of industrial assets is 61.8%; 25.5 million people are employed, which is 28.3% higher than that of 2000, accounting for 58.7% of the total employees above designated size. It is an important force to promote economic growth in the city.

(I) Maintaining rapid growth in production and becoming the main force driving industrial growth

Since 2000, Xi'an's equipment manufacturing industry has achieved rapid development and its production has grown rapidly. In 2009, the total industrial output value of the equipment manufacturing industry was 129.939 billion yuan, up by 25.1% over the previous year, 7.6 times over 2000, and an average annual increase of 27.1%. The contribution rate to the growth of industrial output value above designated size since 2000 was 63.2%. This led to a 2.1-fold increase in the total industrial output value above designated size. The proportion of the total output value of the equipment manufacturing industry to the total industrial output value of the above-scale industries has increased year by year, starting from 40.6% in 2000. After more than half of the development in five years, it reached 50.6% in 2005, and then it has been rising all the way. After four years of development, In 2009, the proportion rapidly increased to a high of 59.4%.

In 2009, the industrial added value of the above-scale equipment manufacturing industry in Xi’an reached RMB 36.533 billion, accounting for 52.2% and 13.4% of the industrial added value above designated size and the city’s GDP, respectively, 16.8% and 6.3% higher than in 2000; Since then, the industrial added value and the city's GDP contribution rate have been 56.0% and 15.4% respectively, driving the industrial added value above designated size and the city's GDP to increase by 1.5 times and 49.4% respectively. The proportion of added value of equipment manufacturing industry in the above-scale industries also showed an upward trend year by year, from 35.4% in 2000 to 52.2% in 2009. The share of equipment manufacturing industry in the industrial sector has risen, becoming the main force driving industrial growth.

(II) The production and sales rate is in good condition, and the advantages of transportation products are obvious

In recent years, Xi'an's equipment manufacturing companies have overcome the unfavorable factors such as energy shortages and rising costs, actively exploring the market and expanding product sales. In 2009, it achieved a sales value of 14.21 billion yuan, a production and sales rate of 97.0%, and maintained a good connection between production and sales. In terms of different industries, the production and sales of the transportation equipment manufacturing industry is the best, the production and sales ratio is as high as 99.5%, the production and sales rate of the general equipment manufacturing industry is also as high as 98.3%, and the production and sales rate of metal products, electrical machinery, special equipment, and instrumentation manufacturing industries. They were 95.1%, 93.7%, 92.7%, and 91.2%, respectively. From the perspective of the output of major products, the output of most products has shown a growth trend, of which the automobile output reached 508,800 units, an increase of 89% over the previous year.

(III) Maintaining a High Level of Economic Benefits

While manufacturing and sales enterprises have experienced rapid growth in production and sales, economic efficiency has remained at a high level. In 2009, the income from main operations was 139.312 billion yuan, an increase of 23.3% over the previous year, an increase of 7.3 times from 2000, an average annual increase of 26.5%, and a total profit of 9.746 billion yuan, an increase of 58.9%, an increase of 49.3 times over 2000. The average annual growth rate was 54.5%; the total amount of profits and taxes realized was 14.926 billion yuan, an increase of 44.6%, 16.1 times more than that in 2000, and an average annual increase of 37.1%. On the basis of the rapid growth of the total volume, the relative indicators of major economic benefits also reached a good level. In 2009, the company’s loss ratio and loss ratio were 20.7% and 3.3%, respectively, down 1.3 and 1.5 percentage points over the previous year; Yuan’s fixed assets realized profit tax and cost expense profit ratios of 32.7 yuan and 9.1% respectively, an increase of 5.0 yuan and 2.6 percentage points over the previous year respectively; the total labor productivity was 143,267 yuan/person, an increase of 4,897 yuan/person over the previous year.

Second, the structural characteristics of equipment manufacturing

(I) Diversification of Property Rights of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises

The reform of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Xi’an aims to develop an open economy and encourage the development of individual private economy, and continuously promote the optimization of enterprise property rights system. With the entry of a large number of private capital and foreign capital, the property and investment structure of Xi'an's equipment manufacturing industry has undergone profound changes. The original pattern of state-owned and collective industries and relatively simple property rights structure has been gradually broken. In 2009, Xi'an's equipment manufacturing industry, the proportion of national and collective capital was 24.7%, and the proportion of other capitals reached 75.3%, of which corporate capital accounted for 58.7%, "three-funded" capital accounted for 6.4%, and individual capital accounted for 10.1%. The equipment manufacturing industry has diversified property rights.

(II) High concentration of equipment manufacturing industry

The regional concentration of equipment manufacturing in Xi’an is high, mainly concentrated in Lianhu District, Gaoling County, Chang’an District and Weiyang District. In 2009, there were 21, 39, 47, and 86 equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated size in the four counties and counties respectively, achieving a total industrial output value of RMB 32.080 billion, RMB 25.453 billion, RMB 23.493 billion, and RMB 21.185 billion, accounting for the city’s total The proportion of output value of equipment manufacturing industry was 18.7%, 14.8%, 13.7%, and 12.4%, respectively. The total output value of equipment manufacturing industry in the four districts accounted for 59.6% of the city; the income from main business operations was 28.553 billion yuan and 24.961 billion yuan respectively. , 23.529 billion yuan and 20.463 billion yuan, accounting for 17.4%, 15.2%, 14.3%, 12.5% ​​of the city's equipment manufacturing industry revenue, and the main business income of equipment manufacturing industry in the four districts accounted for 59.4% of the city's total. The relative concentration of regional distribution of equipment manufacturing makes them the technological and radiation sources for the development of the equipment manufacturing industry in the city, which is conducive to the exchange, diffusion, transfer, and industrial upgrading of the technology, and is conducive to the development of the equipment manufacturing industry in the city.

(III) The degree of specialization in the transportation equipment manufacturing industry far exceeds the national average

The dominant industries in a region cannot be determined simply by the share of various industries, but should be measured from the perspective of industry specialization. In general, the regional advantage is that, compared with other regions, an industry has a larger proportion in the region, but it may be insignificant in the whole country; an industry has a smaller proportion in the region while it is in the whole country. It may have a decisive position. According to the theory of regional economics, it is possible to determine the relative degree of specialization of various industries in the region through location quotients, so as to determine the advantages of the industrial division of labor in the region, and finally reflect the structure of the economic relations between regions and the direction of industrial development.

From 2000 to 2008, Xi'an's equipment manufacturing area business increased from 1.845 to 2.405, showing an overall upward trend year by year (see Table 4). This shows that the specialization of equipment manufacturing in Xi’an has been steadily improving and the degree of specialization is higher than the national average as a whole. Among them, transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, and instrumentation and cultural and office machinery manufacturing locations increased from 2.841, 1.528, and 2.700 in 2000 to 4.586, 2.029, and 3.138 in 2008, respectively. The level of specialization has steadily increased.

In 2008, among the seven major equipment manufacturing industries, the location quotient of five industries was greater than 1. Among them, the location quotients of the transportation equipment manufacturing and instrumentation and cultural office machinery manufacturing industries were 4.586 and 3.138, respectively. The industry has a comparative advantage in the country, with a degree of specialization far exceeding the national average. The product has a high degree of outward direction and belongs to the specialization department of the region; the location of special equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing and general equipment manufacturing The businesses were 2.241, 2.029 and 1.149, respectively. These three industries have certain comparative advantages in the country and the products have a certain degree of extroversion. The specialization level of the metal products industry is lower than that of the whole country, and in 2000-2003, the area business decreased from 0.571 to 0.156. From 2005 to 2008, the location business decreased from 0.356 to 0.298, and the professional level of this industry is gradually declining.

Third, compare the regional competitiveness of equipment manufacturing

For the equipment manufacturing industry in different regions, its competitiveness is the result of the combined effects of regional comparative advantage at the macro level and competitive advantage at the micro level. Therefore, the establishment of an industry competitiveness evaluation index in a region must take into account the contribution of a certain region to the regional economy, so as to reflect its regional comparative advantage, and at the same time reflect the effect and future of the overall operation of an industry in the region. The development potential. In addition, in the selection of indicators, in order to facilitate practical and feasible, as far as possible to use more comprehensive evaluation indicators, in particular with a display of quantifiable indicators, in the end, the competitiveness of an industry in the region will be reflected in the form of a comprehensive index.

Based on this design idea, the evaluation of the competitiveness of regional equipment manufacturing industry is carried out in three aspects:

(I) Regional influence of equipment manufacturing industry

It reflects the overall strength of the regional equipment manufacturing industry as well as its contribution to the regional economy. It is the ultimate result of the competitiveness of the equipment manufacturing industry in the region. Two evaluation indicators were selected, one reflecting the absolute scale of regional equipment manufacturing, and the other reflecting the relative scale.

(II) Operational power of equipment manufacturing industry

It reflects the level of operational efficiency and resource allocation of the equipment manufacturing industry under market competition conditions, and is a direct reflection of the competitive advantages of equipment manufacturing in different regions. Measured using average sales margin and per capita sales. The former is the ratio of the total profit of the regional equipment manufacturing industry to the income from the main business. The latter is the total income of the main business divided by the number of employees in the regional equipment manufacturing industry.

(III) Growth and Development Power of Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Whether the company has a sufficiently high growth ability or whether it has the ability to continuously tap unused resources is also closely related to whether the equipment manufacturing industry can maintain long-term competitive advantages. In view of this, the sales growth of equipment manufacturing industry and the growth rate of net assets are used as evaluation indicators.

Regarding the selection of index weights, the focus on profitability and development capability indicators can better reflect the intrinsic quality of the equipment manufacturing industry. For the equipment manufacturing industry, its production efficiency and efficiency are closely related to its current profitability and future development prospects. The level of profitability under current conditions is a direct reflection of its operating conditions, and the speed of development is an important measure of its future growth potential.

Comparison of urban competitiveness: According to the statistics of cities in Xi'an and Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Harbin and Xiamen in 2008, Xi'an's equipment manufacturing competitiveness index is 70.3, which is only higher than Harbin. Among them, Xi'an's regional influence and growth and development scores are higher than those of other four cities. This shows that Xi'an's regional influence and growth and development are better than the other four cities. The highest regional influence is inseparable from the geographical advantage of Xi’an’s gateway to the northwest region. It also determines Xi’an’s stronger use of the radiation in the northwest region; the highest growth and development power indicates the current equipment manufacturing in Xi’an. Although the strength of industry development is weak, it has great potential for development and has a strong post-development advantage. The operating and operating power ranks fourth among the five cities and is only higher than Harbin, indicating that the profitability of Xi’an equipment manufacturing enterprises needs to be further improved. Overall, there is still a certain gap between equipment manufacturing industry in Xi’an and Chengdu, Zhengzhou, and other equipment manufacturing industries, but they all have comparative advantages in regional influence and growth potential.

IV. Main problems in the development of equipment manufacturing industry

After years of rapid development of the equipment manufacturing industry in Xi'an, although there has been an increase in the total scale, there are still problems such as a small-scale economy, an industrial level, a low level of technology, a weak capacity for independent innovation, and a backward level of basic manufacturing.

(1) The equipment manufacturing industry has less large-scale enterprises and the economic scale is relatively small

In 2009, Xi'an's equipment manufacturing enterprises only had four companies with revenues of over 10 billion yuan, namely Shaanxi Automobile Group Co., Ltd., BYD Auto Co., Ltd., China Xidian Corporation and Xi'an Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. The number of enterprises accounted for 0.76% of the equipment manufacturing industry above designated size. However, the total industrial output value and main business revenue generated were 70.509 billion yuan and 67.132 billion yuan respectively, accounting for 48.1% and 48.2% of the equipment manufacturing industry above designated size. There are 20 companies whose primary business income exceeds 1 billion yuan, accounting for 3.8% of the total number of equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated size. The total industrial output value and main business income achieved were 70.509 billion yuan and 67.132 billion yuan respectively, accounting for more than the scale of equipment. 72.8% and 73.5% of the manufacturing industry. Although the number of large-scale equipment manufacturing enterprises in Xi'an is relatively large, there are fewer large-scale enterprises and less profitable companies, resulting in a relatively small total economy of equipment manufacturing industry in Xi'an.

(II) Unbalanced industrial development and low industrial level

The development advantages of the equipment manufacturing industry in the country are not outstanding. From the perspective of the proportion of the six major categories of equipment manufacturing industry in the national industry, the higher is the manufacturing of transportation equipment, instrumentation, and cultural and office machinery manufacturing, with the proportions of 1.81% and 1.24%, respectively; The proportion of special equipment manufacturing and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing was 0.89% and 0.80%, respectively; the lower were general machinery manufacturing and metal products, with the respective proportions being 0.45% and 0.12%, accounting for relatively low industries and comparisons. There is a wide gap between high industries. In 2009, the adjustment and revitalization plan for the national equipment manufacturing industry proposed that by 2011, an industry structure with specialization, reasonable division of labor, mutual promotion, and coordinated development of major technical equipment, high-tech equipment, basic equipment, and general machinery and equipment shall be established. The current equipment manufacturing industry in Xi’an is based on basic equipment, general machinery and equipment, and transportation equipment. The country’s major technical equipment is relatively small, and the proportion of high-tech industrial equipment is relatively low. In 2009, there were 60 medium and high-tech industries in the equipment manufacturing industry above designated size in Xi’an, accounting for only 11.6% of the total equipment manufacturing industry. The industrial output value, main business income, and profits were 26.313 billion yuan, 27.627 billion yuan, and 17.0 yuan, respectively. Billion yuan, accounting for 18.0%, 19.8%, and 17.4% of the equipment manufacturing industry, respectively.

(3) The industrial added value is not high

The proportion of modern advanced manufacturing industries represented by high-tech industries in Xi'an's equipment manufacturing industry is not high, the growth of high-processing industries is insufficient, and the supply of high-tech and high-value-added products is insufficient, which is particularly manifested in the low rate of industrial added value. At present, the industrial added value rate in developed countries is generally around 50%. In 2009, the value-added rate of Xi'an's equipment manufacturing industry was only 28.1%, of which the highest value-added instrumentation and cultural, office machinery manufacturing was 35.5%; and The value-added ratios of the transportation and equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry and special equipment manufacturing industry of Xi'an’s traditional leading industries were 26.4%, 28.7%, and 30.5%, respectively; the value-added rates of general equipment manufacturing and metal product industries were respectively It is 30.9% and 30.1%.

(4) The ability of technological innovation is not strong

The technological innovation capability of equipment manufacturing industry in Xi'an is not strong, the investment in technology development is insufficient, the scientific and technological content of products and the modernization of equipment are not high, and the effective mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements into practical productivity has not yet been truly formed. Most companies form production capacity, but they do not have the ability to develop, and companies lack follow-up means for sustainable development. The proportion of R&D expenditures of the equipment manufacturing industry in the city’s main business is not only significantly lower than that of the developed countries, but also significantly lower than other cities in the country. In 2009, the cost of research and development for the equipment manufacturing industry in Xi'an was only 1.257 billion yuan, accounting for 1.0% of the main business revenue, and significantly lower than the 3% of the normal investment in the industrialized countries. . The highest proportion of research and development funds in the seven industries accounted for the main business income was instrument and instrument and culture, office machinery and equipment manufacturing (4.37%), accounting for the lowest proportion of the metal products industry (0.08%). In 2009, the city’s equipment manufacturing industry realized a new product output value of 31.446 billion yuan, and the new product output rate was 21.5%, which was lower than the national average industrial level by 0.6%.

V. Suggestions for the Development of Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Accelerating the development of equipment manufacturing industry, we must regard improving the capability of independent innovation as a central link in advancing industrial restructuring, focusing on the construction of national and provincial high-tech industrial bases, and relying on the favorable conditions for the construction of Guanzhong Tianshui Economic Zone and the development of “one line, two belts”. Give full play to Xi'an's urban resources, institutional mechanisms, and human resources, and attract a wide range of advanced and advantageous industries from home and abroad to settle in and develop. Accelerate the transfer of industries from the east, improve the management level and operating capabilities of enterprises, and promote the regional characteristic economy. Industrial cluster transformation.

(1) Cultivate and develop large-scale enterprise groups and promote the development and expansion of advantageous enterprises

In order to improve the quality of corporate management and operating efficiency for the purpose of supporting the reorganization and integration of superior enterprises, combining strengths, and further enlargement and stronger. Actively promote key equipment manufacturing enterprises to implement cross-regional, cross-ownership, cross-sector mergers and reorganizations. Encourage equipment manufacturing large enterprise groups to strengthen strategic cooperation with well-known enterprises at home and abroad; encourage enterprises within the industry to focus on mergers and acquisitions with complementary technologies, complementary products, complementary markets, and complementary geographical areas, enhance capital strength, optimize resource allocation, and improve the technological level of enterprises; encourage Host manufacturing companies merged and restructured their key parts and components and parts manufacturing companies to reduce operating costs and enhance their integrated operating capabilities.

(B) to develop and expand industrial clusters, do a good job of industrial cluster development planning organization and implementation

In accordance with the goals and tasks set forth in the development plan of the top 10 industrial clusters in the equipment manufacturing industry in the province, we must pay close attention to implementation, accelerate progress, and really form a good momentum for the development of industrial agglomeration. Xi'an focuses on promoting the development of key clusters such as automobiles, aviation, transmission and distribution, etc., making it a leading and demonstration of the accelerated development of industrial clusters. Continue to extend the industrial chain, grasp the new development of the equipment manufacturing industry chain, focus on breakthroughs in the key links that restrict the development of the industry chain, accelerate the division of labor in the equipment manufacturing industry and service outsourcing, encourage enterprises to actively expand the producer services market, and promote the equipment manufacturing industry. The chain extends from manufacturing to high-end links such as R&D design and marketing services.

(III) Grasping the Construction of the Guanzhong Advanced Equipment Manufacturing Base and Accelerating the Development of Advantageous Industries

Grasping the favorable opportunity for the implementation of the “Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone Development Plan”, combined with the “Guangzhong Advanced Manufacturing Base Development Plan”, accelerating the acceleration of Xi’an’s equipment manufacturing industry, accelerating the development of key industries, solidifying the foundation for industrial base development, and strengthening the industry The scale of the development of the base, improve the level of industrial base development, and promote the construction of advanced equipment manufacturing base. Strengthen the construction of leading parks. In accordance with the general requirements for the construction of Guanzhong's advanced manufacturing base, combined with the development characteristics of Xi'an's equipment manufacturing industry, efforts will be made to speed up the construction of aerospace, automotive and parts, transmission and distribution equipment, oil drilling equipment, metallurgical coal heavy equipment and New Energy equipment, etc. The advanced equipment manufacturing industry has an advantage industrial base, and actively establishes national and provincial demonstration bases for new-type industrialization industries. It will stimulate the construction of a leading park in Guanzhong's advanced equipment manufacturing industry, strengthen resource allocation, complete functional facilities, provide quality services, and increase the carrying capacity of the park.