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Editor's note
Since the central government proposed to establish a conservation-minded society, discussions on small-displacement vehicles have been one after another.
Small-displacement vehicles do have many advantages. We support the development of small-displacement vehicles and oppose the pursuit of luxury waste cars. At the same time, we believe that to develop small-displacement vehicles, we must pay full attention to the shortcomings of small-displacement vehicles. If we do not carry out in-depth analysis of some of the shortcomings of small-displacement vehicles and find solutions, then the development of small-displacement vehicles may not be able to achieve the purpose of energy conservation, and even counterproductive are possible.
The article by Mr. Han Xiaoping, Director of Information of China Energy Network, puts small-displacement cars on the entire road transport system to conduct in-depth research on the problems that need to be solved in the development of small-displacement vehicles. As a reference to the "brick" of jade, I hope that everyone will discuss this issue and use this as a reference for the introduction of relevant policies.
Whether or not small-displacement vehicles should be developed has been constantly debated. Since the central government proposed to build a conservation-minded society, restrictions on the movement of small-displacement vehicles in some major urban arteries have suddenly become the target of public criticism. Some well-known experts and scholars have condemned those policies that have hindered the development of small-displacement vehicles. The media has almost “one-sided†to encourage the development of small-displacement vehicles. The government also supports a 3% preferential tax rate policy for vehicles with a displacement of less than 1 liter. . Everyone has come to the conclusion that it seems to have "universal truth": Small displacement is equal to energy conservation, and the development of small-displacement vehicles can only lead to building a conservation-minded society.
Small-displacement vehicles are not necessarily economic vehicles
However, despite the wave of support for the development of small-displacement cars, there are still some “do not know the times†who insist on their own different voices. Some experts believe that unless the state raises the standards for the inspection of small-displacement vehicles, the mini-vehicles that encourage one-sided manufacturing processes are also a serious waste of resources. In the past, the government misunderstood the idea that small-displacement cars were synonymous with low-end cars. Now, consumers have mistakenly read small-displacement cars as economic cars. Small-displacement cars need to be improved in terms of craftsmanship. If they stay at the current stage of technology and price levels, it is not feasible to fully release them.
How to treat whether a small-displacement car is energy-efficient may not be limited to the car itself. If we only compare the theoretical data of a small-displacement car with that of a medium-sized car, small-displacement cars should be energy-efficient. However, automobiles as vehicles are operated in a road system. A car as a product is born to die in a production chain system. Therefore, we cannot research and analyze problems in isolation, not only to see its own data, but also to see how it affects the entire system. We must not only compare the advantages and disadvantages of a certain point of the product, but also compare the comprehensive factors of the product life cycle. Many products, if we carry out a comprehensive analysis from the systemic point of view, its advantages may become the burden of the entire system, planting dragon species, perhaps harvesting flea.
Displacement is not a key factor affecting vehicle fuel consumption
In terms of physics concepts, cars with the same weight, same windward area, and drag coefficient, from A to B, do not differ in energy at the same time and under the same conditions. The same is true for the Audi A6, 1.8T manual, 2.4-manual and 2.8 automatic. The average fuel consumption per 100 km at 90 km/h is 6.6, 7.1 and 6.5 litres, respectively. It is the most fuel-efficient engine with the largest displacement. Another example is Volkswagen Golf, with a displacement of 1.6 automatic and a displacement of 1.8 manual 90km/h 100km/h fuel consumption of 6.6 and 6.3 litres, respectively. It can be seen that for the same quality of automobiles, the main factor that affects the fuel consumption of the vehicle is not the size of the engine displacement, but the technological advanced degree of the engine and transmission, as well as the transmission mode and other factors.
If small-displacement vehicles are to be truly fuel-efficient, they first need to be miniaturized, and the car's overall dimensions and overall vehicle quality need to be reduced. Reducing the size and reducing the weight inevitably sacrifices the safety and technical performance of the car. If you keep the size and quality of the car, just switch to a small-displacement engine. The result is a small horse-drawn vehicle, which will cause deterioration in acceleration and other handling performance due to insufficient power, so this is a dilemma. Because people who support the development of small-displacement cars may say that small-displacement engines can also have greater power performance, such as the Volkswagen 1.4TT engine equipped with dual booster turbochargers, but don't forget that power is derived from energy, and we must increase Power will inevitably increase energy consumption, so small displacement does not mean low energy consumption.
The body mass and size of many small-displacement vehicles are lower than the basic safety standards
To reduce fuel consumption, we must first miniaturize and miniaturize the car, and reduce the quality and size of the car. However, reducing the overall vehicle quality will inevitably reduce the anti-impact ability of the automobile structure. The lightness of the vehicle body will also affect the stability and cross-wind performance at high speeds. Especially for cars with a displacement of less than 1.0 liters, the body mass and dimensions are far below the basic safety standards. In the event of an accident, it will lead to a corresponding increase in morbidity and mortality, increase the insurance companies pay claims, and eventually passed on to the owners of society and other vehicles, increase the overall social costs. Do not forget that the burden on society ultimately requires the consumption of energy and resources.
Some manufacturers in the past stressed that the development of small-displacement vehicles is to support the national industry and promote the development of China's auto industry; now it is also called for the development of small-displacement energy-saving and resource-saving society, and thus exert pressure on the government to allow small groups. Quantity car on the road. Then he said that since the government allows small-displacement cars to go on the road, it shows that these cars have already reached the national technical safety standards, and they should not be restricted in the use of roads. In my opinion, we must provide policy support for small-displacement vehicles, but we must also be responsible for the lives of the people driving these vehicles.
The life of China's small-displacement vehicles is far less than that of medium-sized cars.
Efforts to reduce the overall vehicle quality of small-displacement vehicles will also cause another problem that directly affects the energy system because the reduction of steel plates and structures will result in a shorter life cycle of the vehicle. At present, the lifespan of our country's small-displacement cars is much lower than that of medium-sized cars. Unless the usage rate is reduced, it will be difficult to exceed 15 years. The life cycle of most small-displacement cars is only 6 to 7 years, and some are even shorter. Under normal circumstances, in terms of normal mileage, a medium-sized car can exceed 300,000 - 400,000 kilometers, while a small-displacement car can achieve an average mileage of 200,000 kilometers. So that is to say, during the life cycle of a medium-sized car, small-displacement cars should be turned twice. The production of automobile steel plates requires a large amount of energy for refining. From iron ore to steel plates, energy is needed to turn around; and the plastic and fiber raw materials in the car are derived from oil, and a small-displacement car with a capacity of around 800 kilograms turns twice. The energy consumption is certainly much higher than the energy consumption of a medium-sized car that is about 1100 kilograms.
The problem is also that small-displacement cars have a greater impact on the entire public road system. China's large number of small-displacement cars are smaller in size, but their drag coefficient is not low. Engines with small installed power, small horse-drawn carts, and accelerated performance Poor, low speed. Due to the poor quality and poor stability, on city roads or on the highways, we often see small-displacement cars slowly moving in fast-moving traffic, especially those with top-heavy “faceâ€. In the average flow of 80 to 90 kilometers per hour, these small-displacement vehicles are "fuel-efficient and safe" at speeds of 40 to 50 kilometers per hour. Other vehicles have to decelerate and avoid, and then go beyond acceleration. This process will increase the energy consumption of other vehicles and increase the energy consumption of the entire road system. The avoidance of overtaking will increase the frequency of accidents and further cause problems such as blockages and increase the fuel consumption of other vehicles.
There is not only one small-displacement car on the road, and not all cars are small displacement. In such a system, if a small-displacement car cannot keep running at the same speed and safety as the overall traffic, it will interfere with the system. normal operation. For road systems, the efficiency of use is more critical than the fuel consumption of bicycles. On the road, if the vehicle can maintain a higher speed as far as possible under safe conditions, traffic capacity will increase and traffic jams will decrease. This requires that all vehicles not only need high-speed and safe travel capability, but also need to Have better acceleration performance and power reserve. If we only emphasize the fuel-saving performance of a single vehicle and ignore the optimization features of the overall system, it will inevitably result in an unbalanced system, which will eventually lead to more traffic jams and more accidents, which will lead to more energy consumption in the system.
Large-scale popularization of low-performance and low-cost cars will greatly accelerate resource consumption
Many small-displacement cars manufactured by Chinese manufacturers are not designed and manufactured for fuel economy. They just want to compete in the low-end market. The purpose of using small-displacement engines is only to reduce the cost. This large-scale popularization of low-performance low-cost cars is not only Difficult to contain energy waste, but also make the city's already congested traffic system more overwhelmed, so that the city's atmospheric pollution continues to deteriorate, so that the resource consumption is greatly accelerated. The average price of a medium-sized car is about 200,000, and it is possible to purchase 5 small-displacement cars. However, 5 low-displacement cars, whether they consume resources, pollute the environment, or increase fuel consumption, cannot be less than a medium-sized car. It can be seen that it is difficult to achieve the goal of reducing overall energy consumption by simply encouraging the development of small-displacement vehicles.
Cheap and low-performance small-displacement vehicles cannot make China's auto manufacturing industry truly gain an international competitive advantage. Although some of our auto companies have entered the auto market of developed countries at a very low price, they are likely to be compensated for a traffic accident. , they lost their profits for several years. After the war, Germany revived their auto industry by mass production of the "Beatles" car, but the Beetle is by no means a cheap, low-performance car, but a miniaturized car with extreme emphasis on performance, not only at the speed limit freeway in Germany. In the network, the high speed and high standards of safety were maintained. Finally, the myth of the excellent performance of the German car was performed all over the world. In the early days, South Korean cars did not attach importance to reliability, control, and product quality due to their focus on cheap competition. The shadow of “cheap quality†in the minds of consumers in many countries still lingers.
We often confine ourselves to seeing issues at a glance, ignoring comprehensive issues from system analysis. Often arguing around the "head", but set "outline" and ignore. Under the basic premise of ensuring safety, the automobile should pay attention to the issue of miniaturization, but it is more appropriate to configure a reasonable power device for the miniaturized car and ensure that it does not affect the overall efficiency of the entire road system. All in all, saving should look at the problem from the system, and if you focus on the specific issues in isolation, and ignore the overall effect of the entire system, it may be counterproductive.