The century-old mining cloud tin mines are mainly located in the eastern part of old mining area, which is rich in underground resources, mainly metal tin, copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, etc., still has a good exploration prospects within the mining area. Mining mining has been using traditional equipment such as pneumatic hand-held rock drills and electric rock loaders for decades. However, with the continuous improvement of mine development requirements, traditional orbital The Yunxi Mine is a tin-copper polymetallic deposit with granite contact skarn deposits and metabasic volcanic copper (gold) deposits. The former is mainly produced in the contact zone between granite and carbonate rock. The ore body is lenticular, layer-like and steeply inclined column-like output; the latter is mainly produced in the interface between the metamorphic volcanic rock and the marble and the metamorphic volcanic rock. The ore body is produced in layers and layers. (1) Panel layout. Set along the ore body, the panel length is 80m and the width is 40m. The inter-panel column (width 12m, height is the thickness of the ore body) is reserved for the upper disc section, and there is no tendency to leave the column. Four mine houses are arranged along the strike in the panel area. The mine is 80m long and 10m wide. 2.2 gently inclined medium thick ore body The gently inclined medium-thick ore reserves accounted for 40% of the total. In this study, the 29-4# ore body of Bailongjing Mine Section was selected for production practice with the bottom structure segmentation empty field method (Fig. 2). (1) Mine room layout. Along the ore body, the panel is set up with a length of 65m and a width of 48m. The disc section is continuous with a continuous column, which is 3m wide, and the lower part is 7m wide continuous pillar along the strike. Four mines are arranged along the inclination in the panel area. The mine is 65m long and 12m wide. The bottom structure is 8m high, the funnel spacing is 9m, and the section height is 10m. The inclined and steeply inclined medium-thick ore reserves account for 20% of the total. In this study, the 1-1# ore body mid-panel of the Gaoshanshan section was selected for production practice using the open-field mining method in the mining environment reconstruction stage (Fig. 3). (2) Engineering layout. The middle section of the ore body is arranged to transport the flat roadway, the main mining line, the cut-top joint road, the filling joint road, and the end return air link. The middle section of the transport roadway is connected with the main mining line by the chute, perpendicular to the ore body. Towards the arrangement of the cutting-edge approach and the filling of the road, the filling well is connected in the middle. In the mining room, along the long axis of the ore body, the ore approaching and the outflow joint are arranged, and the cutting cross-section and the cutting well are arranged at the end. At the height of 10m below the bottom of the ore body, the ore-mining road, the ore-connecting road, and the bottoming roadway are arranged along the long axis of the ore body, and the cutting cross-section and the cutting well are arranged at the end. 3 effect analysis Yunxi trackless mechanized mining technology and technology is based on the promotion and application of trackless mining equipment. Since its implementation in Yunxi Mine in September 2011, it has experienced 5a exploration and production practices, effectively promoting the development of Yunxi mining technology and mining efficiency. Doubled and the economic benefits are remarkable. (3) The mine production layout is further optimized. The production capacity of the trackless mechanized mining and mining room has been increased from 60~80t/d to 200~250t/d. The increase of production capacity per unit area has completely eliminated the production layout of the mine from multi-middle, multi-panel and multi-mine mining. Passive situation. (1) As the production area expands to the deep and the periphery, the improvement of the transportation production system can not meet the needs of the scale-free large-scale mining. The ore upgrading and the mining truck heavy truck uphill transportation cost are high and the efficiency is low. To this end, it is necessary to construct a complete ore down transportation system to reduce the ore lifting and the transportation pressure of mining trucks, and effectively reduce the ore transportation cost.
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Mining systems and mining processes will be difficult to adapt to mine development. On the one hand, low mining efficiency and high production cost have seriously affected the economic benefits of the mine; on the other hand, the large-scale low-grade resources existing in the mines have been used to realize large-scale development and utilization, which has become the key to achieving sustainable development of Yunxi Mine. In 2011, Yunxi Mine cooperated with universities and research institutes to carry out mining technology research, using the trackless mining equipment with the scraper as the core, and the three types of low-grade ore bodies mainly occupied by the mines. The ore body, the gently inclined medium-thick ore body, the inclined and steeply inclined medium-thick ore body adopt the trackless mechanized mining technology and the mining process. After nearly 5 years of research and production practice, mining efficiency, production
The technical and economic indicators such as cost have been significantly improved, and the use of low-grade resources of nearly 2 million tons has been revitalized, and a key mining technology for large-scale development and utilization of low-grade resources has been formed.
1 trackless equipment and configuration
From 2011 to 2015, Yunxi Mine has a total of 268 sets (sets) of scrapers, rock drilling rigs, mining trucks, anchor trolleys and auxiliary equipment, with a total investment of 425.57 million yuan. The shovel equipment is Atlas ST-2D 2m3 and Anhui Tongguan TCY-2A 2m3 diesel scraper. The rock drilling equipment is Atlas K41 and Anhui Tongguan T-100 annular down-the-hole drilling rig . The transportation equipment is Atlas MT2010 20t mining truck and Anhui copper crown JZC-12 type 12t mining truck. The auxiliary equipment is Australia Jieken MK5 concrete wet spray trolley (Table 1). 
2 trackless mechanized mining technology and process
2.1 gently inclined thin ore body
The reserves of gently inclined thin ore bodies account for 35% of the total. In this study, the 1-9# ore body of Dabaiyan in the Xinshan ore section was selected for production practice using the comprehensive method of trackless continuous mining (Fig. 1).
(2) Engineering layout. In the inter-pan column, the main ramp is arranged along the ore body in the lower part of the vein, and the main slope is arranged laterally to connect the stopway to the lower rail transport. In the first mining room, an ore approach is arranged along the ore body toward the lower disk, and the end of the ore along the ore body tends to be arranged to communicate with the main return air system.
(3) Mining work. 1In the order of recovery, the panel and the mine are moved from the center to the two wings. The order of the panel retreat is promoted from the bottom to the top. The mining is carried out in the mining area, and the mining, handling and filling are ensured in a mining unit. Each of the processes has a relatively independent working space, and each process is alternately and continuously carried out in different mining houses. The mining and handling are staggered by 20 to 30 m, and the front empty space is filled with 2 mining houses; 2 rock drilling and blasting, DD210 type chisel is selected. Rock trolley, hole diameter 43mm, hole depth 3.6m, row spacing 1.0m, hole spacing 0.8m, starting from the inter-disc column, the working surface is linearly propelled, full height 3 ~ 5m one-time mining, the mine room does not stay The pillars are continuously harvested in one step. Explosives use 38mm2# rock pin ammonium explosive, manual charge; non-conducting squib millisecond differential detonator, magnetic detonator detonation, each time the mine width is 10m, the height is the thickness of the ore body, the number of holes 30~50 One, 300-500t once collapsed; 3 ore handling, use TCY-2 type 2m3 scraper to shovel in the stope, when the handling distance is less than 150m, use the scraper to directly transport, when the handling distance is greater than 150m, use JZC -12 type 12t mining truck assisted transportation. After the ore is discharged into the stope, it will be transported out of the pit by the lower rail transportation. 4 The exit is ventilated, and the fresh wind enters from the main section of the middle section. The ore approaching reaches the stop face, the measured wind speed is 0.54m/s, and the dirty wind after washing the working face returns to the upper return air passage through the return air return roadway at the end of the mine, and enters the main return air system to discharge the surface; 5 roof management, through the waste rock filling goaf for mining site pressure management, to ensure the safety of the roof in the empty field state drop mine, handling, filling process, using JZC-12 12t mining truck to transport waste rock, scraper assist Filling, but it is necessary to lag behind the mining face 2 mines to avoid falling mines and out
(4) Equipment configuration. According to one mining unit (panel), one set of Sandvik DD210 type rock drilling rig, one set of Anhui Tongguan TCY-2 type 2m3 scraper, and two JZC-12 type 12t mining trucks.
(5) Economic and technical indicators. The main mining technical and economic indicators (2015) for gently inclined thin ore bodies are shown in Table 2.
(2) Engineering layout. The main outflow path of the scraper is arranged along the ore body in the continuous pillar. The sidewalk is arranged laterally, and the downway is connected with the rail transit roadway. The sectioned rock drilling road and the section rock are arranged upward. In the roadway, the cutting cross-section and the cutting well are arranged at the end of the sectioned rock-boring roadway; the ore-mining approach is arranged along the ore body in the main ore-mining approach, and the return-winding link and the upward return are arranged in the end rock. Wind well; a mine exit and a chassis funnel are arranged at the bottom of the mine.
(3) Mining work. 1In the order of mining, the ore body is retreating from west to east, and the mining is from south to north. The upper section is 8~10m synchronously. The cutting groove is firstly used, and the cutting tunnel is combined with the cutting well. After the trough is completed, the K41 single-arm trolley is used to make the 5m as a falling step from the inside to the outside.
For mining; 2 rock drilling and blasting, the mine uses YGZ-90 drilling rig to construct the upper fan-shaped middle hole, and the bottom column adopts K41 single-arm trolley to construct shallow hole, middle hole 90mm, side hole angle 5°, row spacing 1 .8～2m, hole bottom distance 2.8m, hole depth less than 10m, shallow hole 43mm, explosives are 2# rock pin ammonium explosive, medium hole adopts BQF-100 type charge device charge, non-conducting squib millisecond Detonator and detonating cord combined with multi-row section blasting; 3 ore handling, due to the short moving distance, the mine is selected by Atlas ST-2D 2m3 diesel scraper and directly shoveled into the stopway at the bottom structure. It is transported out of the pit by the lower rail transporting flat road; 4 the stope is ventilated, the fresh wind enters the stop working face by the main outburst way and each section of the rock drilling road, and the dirty wind is returned from the end of the stope. After the return air well enters the main return air system to discharge the surface; 5 roof management, with the mining of the mine pillar finished, using the waste rock of the surrounding excavation project, using the ST-2D 2m3 scraper to scrape the waste rock to the goaf Filling is carried out, and the sequence is gradually advanced from south to north.
(4) Equipment configuration. According to one mining unit (panel), one Atlas K41 electric single-arm trolley, two YGZ-90 drills, and one Atlas ST-2D 2m3 scraper.
(5) Economic and technical indicators. The main mining technical and economic indicators (2015) for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies are shown in Table 3.
2.3 inclined, steeply inclined medium thick ore body
(1) Mine room layout. The mines are divided along the ore body and arranged vertically. Combined with the actual production, it is determined that the exposed area is not more than 2000 m2. The mine is 20m wide and 100m long, and the height is the thickness of the ore body (20~30m). Artificial pillars are set in each panel to control the exposed area of ​​the roof. The width is 10m and the height is the thickness of the ore body.
(3) Mining work. 1 The order of recovery, the overall order from the central to the two wings in turn mining, the first mining column after the mining room, the pillar is filled with cement stone to form an artificial pillar, and then mining between the two pillars; mining bottom The work is carried out in the ore body, the width of the pillar is 3m high; the bottoming work of the mine is carried out in the surrounding rock of the chassis, and the bottom is made by the “V†type trench, 8m high and 10m wide; the mine (column) ) The general comprehensive method is used for cutting and anchoring, and the width of the cutting roof is the width of the mine (3.5~4m); 2 rock drilling and blasting, using the T-100 type down-the-hole drilling rig to construct the vertical blasthole. The hole depth is 20m, the hole diameter is 90mm, the row spacing is 2m, the hole spacing is 1.5m. The blasting uses powdery emulsion explosives, Normand charging trolley loading, non-conducting squib millisecond detonator, detonating cord combined with multi-row segmental blasting. ; 3 ore handling, mining using Atlas ST-2D 2m3 diesel scraper directly shovel into the stopway, out of the pit by the lower rail transport flat; 4 stop ventilation, fresh wind by The ramp road enters the working point through the corresponding various roads through the strike-out joint road, the cut-top joint road and the filling joint road. The dirty wind after washing the working surface is returned to the upper return air system by the end return airway; 5 roof management, after the mining house is completed, make full use of the waste rock in the surrounding and upper production areas, using JZC-12 The 12t mining truck is transported to the upper part of the mine, and the waste rock is filled in the goaf. The filling sequence is advanced from the center to the two wings with the mining back.
(4) Equipment configuration. According to one panel configuration, 2 Atlas ST-2D 2m3 scrapers, 2 Atlas MT2010 20t mining trucks, 2 T-100 high-pressure ring-type down-the-hole drilling rigs, Art 2 sets of Las K41 electric long-arm rock drilling rig, 1 set of Sandvik 235 bolting trolley, 1 set of Normant Charmec605A medicine loading trolley.
(5) Technical and economic indicators. The main economic and technical indicators (2015) for inclined and steeply inclined medium-thick ore bodies are shown in Table 4.
(1) The maneuvering flexibility of the trackless equipment has been fully utilized, which effectively simplifies the ore handling and auxiliary transportation links and reduces the mine auxiliary workers. At the same time, the trackless production capacity has been rapidly increased, from 240,000 tons in 2011 (accounting for 4% of the company's total mining) to 2.83 million tons in 2015 (accounting for 46% of the company's total mining), and the average production capacity of trackless mining reached 8600t/d.
(2) Low-grade resources have been effectively developed and utilized. The successful application of trackless mechanized mining technology and technology under different mining conditions, due to the improvement of mining efficiency and the reduction of production costs, the low-grade resources of mines with no economic benefits for many years have been revitalized. Utilizing, the low-grade tin, copper and tungsten resources that were only revitalized in 2015 amounted to 1.96 million tons, greatly improving resource utilization.
(4) Economic and technical indicators have improved significantly. The company's physical labor productivity increased from 635t/(person·a) in 2011 to 1084t/(person·a) in 2015, an increase of 58%; mining efficiency increased from 6.4t/(work/class) in 2011 to 10 in 2015. .9t/(工·ç), increased by 71%; the loss rate decreased from 9.4% in 2011 to 8.5% in 2015, a decrease of 10%; the mining ratio of thousand tons decreased by 20% to 50%, and the overall mining cost Decrease by 10% to 20%.
(5) The use of trackless mining equipment has promoted the transformation of mining technology, breaking the traditional mode of waste rock filling in underground goaf for many years, and adopting the filling method combining gravity filling and mechanical filling to improve the filling of goaf. quality. 5a Accumulatively completed 1.03 million m3 of waste rock filling in the underground goaf, achieving the organic combination of waste rock utilization and ground pressure control in the goaf. The main economic and technical indicators (2015) are shown in Table 5.
4 problems and improvement direction
(2) With a large number of trackless diesel equipment entering the pit, the ventilation system has severely restricted the continuous promotion of the scale-free mining. For this reason, on the one hand, it is necessary to speed up the construction of the 3-hole return air well in the production area, and strive to complete the investment at the end of the year. On the other hand, in cooperation with relevant environmental technology companies, the exhaust gas of underground diesel equipment is purified to reduce the pollution of the working surface.
(3) There is a lack of research on the trackless mining under the conditions of complex mining technology, the focus is on the ore body with loose ore, the establishment and maintenance of the bottom structure, the roof protection measures and the mining site pressure control, and the large section roadway engineering. Problems such as excavation and support, medium-deep hole construction and hole protection measures have led to an increase in mining costs and an increase in depletion loss indicators. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen technical cooperation with research institutes, and some of the research results have now entered the production trial stage.
(4) The company has many types of trackless equipment and complicated models, which makes the equipment management difficult, the supply of spare parts is difficult, and the maintenance and repair workload is large, which seriously affects the operation efficiency of the equipment; some of the trackless equipment cannot pass the production practice well. Adapt to the needs of mine production, resulting in idle. To this end, we should strengthen the research and production practice of trackless equipment, and push
The development of trackless equipment in the direction of high efficiency, energy saving, safety, environmental protection, automation and intelligence; reduce the pressure on spare parts and spare parts supply, cultivate professional maintenance teams, improve maintenance skills, and ensure the efficient operation of trackless equipment.
references
[1] Goodman, Li Xibing. Modern metal deposit mining science and technology [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2006.
[2] Luo Zhouquan, Goodyear. Research progress in continuous mining technology of underground mines [J]. Hunan Nonferrous Metals, 1995 (2): 10-12.
Article source: "Modern Mining"; 2016.8;
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